Terms of Reference for a light study on Pastoralism in the Drylands in HECA RegionOxfam works with others to overcome poverty and suffering, and works in ten (10) countriesin the Horn, East and Central Africa (HECA) out of which OGB focuses on eight (8). In a recent review of the country campaign and policy priorities; six out of eight countries that OGB works in highlighted pastoralism as a key priority. Pastoralism is mainly practised throughout areas of rural Somalia, that is, in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of northern and central Somalia, northern and north eastern Kenya, northern Tanzania, Karamoja area in Uganda as well as in South Sudan. Oxfam currently supports pastoralists’ communities along Somalia-Ethiopia border through a cross border disaster risk reduction initiative as well as pastoralists’ communities in the Karamoja area in Uganda and Ngorongoro area in northern Tanzania. Oxfam also provides support to communities in Kenya and South Sudan where pastoralism is part of the livelihood system of these communities.Concerns have been raised about the future and viability of Pastoralism as a livelihood system. Some people see it as unproductive and associate the pastoral system with backwardness, conflicts, insecurity and poverty, others see it as a livelihood option for more able community members while others see is as an option for all communities in the drylands.There is therefore a need to review what Oxfam has done on pastoralism so far especially drawing experiences from lesson learning from countries in the region. This therefore would call for a holistic review of what exists internally and externally as well as the current trends in an effort to find the best or most viable areas of intervention for pastoralism by Oxfam and best options to support Pastoralists’ Drylands communities.At HECA, Oxfam is at a point where it is looking to strengthen the one programme approach where there are clear linkages and concrete approaches that support community initiatives that link response to emergencies to longer term programming and campaigning thereby improving on their adaptive capacity. Oxfam is also looking at developing a common position on pastoralism including what the role of Oxfam would look like.Oxfam GB will use the study findings to come up with policies and strategies that provide a long-term vision in realizing lasting change of female and male members of pastoralists’ communities in the Drylands and other similar areas where Oxfam is present in the region. Similarly, Oxfam GB will use this study as an opportunity to ensure that a strong gender perspective is included in our pastoralists livelihood related work and those women in Drylands areas have their voices, priorities, capacities, ideas and aspirations driving advocacy and programming in building resilience.The objectives of this consultancy are:To review and document what Oxfam has done on pastoralism so far drawing experiences from lesson learning and best practice information from countries in the region.Identify and document conditions and processes that help female and male members of pastoralist communities maintain their adaptive capacity in building resilience in their livelihood systems.Analyse and document viable livelihood options that pastoralists and
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